Role of International NGOs in Human Rights

International dealing is virtually often thought in terms of relations among nations. The concepts of nationality and sovereignty, therefore, bonk into play in this conventional perception of world(prenominal) relations. Although its credenza is far from universal, and is actively resisted by almost all organizations from time to time, a more modern concept of multinational relations recognizes the fictional character of nongovernmental entitiesboth individuals and organizationsin the addressing of transnational issues. It is the role of these NGOs that is addressed by the authors in these two articles, because the conduct of transnational relations is no longer the sole prerogative of governments, although each(prenominal) author acknowledged that no effective international actions leave behind occur in the absence of participation by governments.

Kausikan (1993, pp. 2441) especially recognized that the conduct of international relations is likewise related to international law. In his article, he noted that it is done international law that transnational agreements have been reached in about uncontroversial beas, such as telecommunications, mail, health, weather forecasting, air transportation, and ocean transportation. The application of international law in controversial issues and issues that are perceived to impinge on national sove

International relations are largely associated with contradict occlusion, and on this point both authors agree. Conflict and disagreement are endemic in the contemporary international environment, and are issues applicable to this review and critique. Cooperation may be considered as a infantry of human civilization; however, cooperation in transnational conflict annunciation has traditionally been noticeably absent in the conduct of international relations concord to Kausikan (1993, pp. 2441). Effective conflict resolution requires international consensus (Kausikan, 1993, pp. 2441). Neier (1993, pp. 4251) contends that the common resolve represents and international consensus on human rights. Kausikan (1993, pp.

2441) by contrast, holds that the Universal Declaration represents a consensus that is quite narrow in scope that includes foeman to genocide, murder, torture, and slavery. This narrow consensus, however, does not extend to capital punishment, detention without trial, and roughly curbs on press freedom (Kausikan, 1993, pp. 2441). In fact, harmonize to Kausikan (1993, pp. 2441) the majority of the population in many Asian societies approve of such actions because they value order and good government more so than the western ethos of individualism. Neier (1993, pp. 4251) rejects this argument, pointing to the capitalist barons of Hong Kong as examples of individualists in Asian societies. Neier's arguments are somewhat shallow and issue to reject the concept that differing societal values may be equally valid.

reignty, however, has proved to be notably ineffective according to Kausikan (1993, pp. 2441). For Kausikan (1993, pp. 2441), the human rights issue is a typesetter's case in point. Although most nations have accepted the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the declaration is not tightly constructed according to Kausikan (1993, pp. 2441), and, thus, is subject to different interpretations. This point assumes signif
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