Analysis Of genres Essay

literary musical genre is a French term pith type or mixed bag. Putting things into categories is utiliseful in any form of study its a way of establishing round kind of control bothplace an formless mass of information. Each medium in the mass media has its own kinds of language, characteristic signs and sign systems. Genre is part of the get wind Concept of Language, and can be applied to either kinds of media text. Putting media texts such(prenominal) as acquire, telly programmes, print media, or music into categories is delectationful as a way of establishing several(prenominal) kind of control e precisewhere an amorphous mass of information.Each genre follows its own kinds of conventions language, characteristic signs and sign systems. However, genres argon fluid and non fixed and under constant renegotiation surrounded by media industry and auditory modality done with(predicate) the combination of the familiar and the unexpected. The standard approach to teaching genre in film and telly is to center on on the reciprocal codes and conventions. Looking at film posters, trailers or short scene extracts lead quickly en competent students to identify similarities and differences in characters, location, stories and familiar objects (the iconography).Repeated communicative scatterns can be observed and beyond this the recurring theme which leads to exploration of sh atomic bend 18d ideological messages. For the study of magazines the categorisation might be base on definitions of target audiences age, gender, ethnicity, class and so forth The History and Evolution of Genres Genre analysis also includes understanding the evolution of a genre over time. Genres trade and develop because of changes in the culture or historical menses in which the genre is being produced.The Western solo hero who was ballparkplace in the 1940s and 1950s breakd into the group of heroes in the 1960s and seventies with Rawhide and Bonanzashows that reflected a shift in the workplace to that of the group in the corporation or company during that time. And, with the increasing interest in urban crime and international espionage in the 1970s and 1980s, the Western was replaced by the constabulary/detective and the spy/thriller genres. Genres also gain popularity with definite audiences who seek turn up these genres given the historical or ethnic forces operating in a certain period.During the Great Depression, audiences flocked to movie houses to view Hollywood romantic comedies as a way of escaping the grim realities of everyday lives characterized by poverty and deprivation. The nature of the threat in science fiction movies also shifts to reflect changes in fears or threats facing societies. During the 1930s and 1940s, Americans expressed racial fears, as manifested in the rise of the Klu Klux Klan, and in the film, King Kong. During the 1990s, with the increased production of films and the control of media conglomer ates over the types of films being made, an increasing number of formulaic genre films were produced.Film studios infallible to attract large audiences in order to switch a degenerate profit on the millions they invested in high-production, special- effectuate films, so they turned to safe, familiar genres and sequels. As Wheeler Dixon (2000) argues What audiences today desire much than ever before is more than(prenominal) of the resembling, and studios, scargond to death by rising production and distri just nowion costs, atomic number 18 equally loathe to strike out in new generic directions. Keep audiences satisfied, strive to maintain narrative closure at all costs, and keep within the bounds of heterotopic romance, no matter what genre hotshot is ostensibly working in.Yet, at the same time, the studios must present these elderly fables in seductive new clothing, with high budgets, study stars, lavish sets, and (if the genre demands it) unremitting action to disguise the second-hand nature of the contemporary genre film (p. 8).Film versus tele confuseing genres. There be most important differences between film and tele trance genres. Film genres (see list below) tend to be more general, for example, the western, action/adventure, comedy, horror, science fiction, etc., while television genres (see list below) ar practically specialized, for example, cooking shows, sports- palaver shows, childrens animation, etc.A film that is representative of a certain film genre also tends to be selfenclosedthe conflicts are much re discharged within the film, even with film sequels. In contrast, a television genre program tends to be part of a serial, in which a storyline may continue and develop or characters may evolve across different programs.There are a wide ordinate of different types of film genres detective, action/adventure, mystery,science fiction, horror, gangster, romance, comedy, musical, comedy, animation, detective, spy thriller, as sur face as specific television genres game show, prime-time drama, sports broadcast, grievous bodily harm opera, musical, medical drama, news, pro-wrestling, reality-television, chattershow.It is a good deal difficult to identify a token movie or television show as a primary example of a particular genre because a movie or show may harbor elements reflecting different genres. 1. Soap operas Soap-opera is the virtually popular form of television computer programing in the innovation.A large proportion of television mantraps conform to and enjoy soap-operas. Soap-operas dominate the national audience ratings over new(prenominal) programmes that are telecast. Soaps in general put one across a predominantly female audience, and in fact at least 30% of the audiences for this soap are male. The main interest for men was in business relations and problem and the causation and wealth shown, whereas women were more oft interested in the family issues and love affairs. Soaps woo to those who value the personal and domestic world.There is no doubt that consider and talking with family and friends about soap operas is experienced by legion(predicate) women as a pleasurable experience. Women are stereotyped in soap operas simply the image of the modern women has changed. From being a submissive, quiet, obedient housewife, she has grown and evolved into a strong individual. She not excels in her profession but is also an able homemaker. Soaps nominate a world dominated by interpersonal relationship, where characters treat marital, romantic and family problems.There is little physical violence or crime. The soap opera world seems emotionally hazardous-mainly because of the continual sorting and resorting of relationships. PORTRAYAL IN SOAP OPERAS Though not as strongly as in earlier years, the portrayal of both men and women on television is principally traditional and stereotypical.This serves to put up a polarization of gender roles. With femininity are associated traits such as emotionality, carefulness, cooperation, a shared consciousness, and obedience. Masculinity tends to be associated with such traits as wisdom,efficiency, competition, individualism and ruthlessness. Most significantly though, soap operas concern with the everyday lives of everyday people and their problems, big and small, appears to be hotshot of the main reasons wherefore this genre is so popular.2. The Talk Show The television talk show consists of four different subgenres 1) The sunup talk shows 2) The day-time talk some of which are characterized as tabloid or the confessional talk show, as well as courtroom shows. 3) prime-time/late-night talk show 4) Political talk shows 1.The morning and prime-time/late shows retain a consistent format constituted by early hosts in the 1950s through 1970s for the morning shows identifies five characteristics of this subgenre The centrality of the host. The program revolves around the host as the central identif ication number of the program. The host much has control over the shows suffice and guest selection. The host is a good deal supported by others who laughed at his jokes and departd an prompt conversational audience. The hosts often serve as commodities for their networksfunctioning to promote not only their shows, but also the network itself and other products. The present-tense flow. Even though the shows are pre-taped, they are highly structured in ways that create the illusion that they are occurring live in present time for the viewer audience. Varied modes of address. The host is simultaneously addressing a range of different audiences the straightaway audience on stage (guests, co-hosts), their studio audience, and the viewer audience, all in ways that serve to engage the viewer audience as the sketch you. The commodity function. The show serves not only as an advertising vehicle, but it also serves to promote the celebrities who appear on the show.Stars of televisio n programs on the same network often appear as guests to promote those network programs. incorporated impulsiveness. Despite the seemingly spontaneous nature of the program, a large cast of writers, producers, celebrating agents, and technical people construct a scripted, semi-rehearsed production that adheres to time constraints and certain publicity messages they wish to convey. Recently talk show hosts have functioned to provide their own versions of daily news events for their relatively younger audiences who may not be acquiring news from other sources.2. The day-time tabloid/confessional shows are often organized around particularly themes or topics often related to interpersonal conflicts, health, beautyand, on the tabloid shows. The increased popularity of courtroom shows dramatizes personal or family conflicts within a seemingly legal area. These shows attempt to actively promote conflicts between participants, often resulting in arguments, taunts, and physical fights. Th ey also engage audience members as players in these conflicts, asking them to create alliances between the conflicting participants.These shows focus on dramatic conflict between participants serves to overlap with the conflicts portrayed in soap opera (see soap opera) and reality television. The confessional shows focus more on having participants articulate personal problems that are then address by an expert or by the host as a moral guide . The prevailing discourse of these shows is healingthe assumption that through talking-out issues and improving interpersonal relationships, problems can be solved, a discourse that masks the lick of institutional forces. 3. The political talk showoften features competing political perspectives from what is set forth as the liberal and the conservative side, in which participants argue with each other in a highly dramatic, combative manner with little contextualization or development of ideas. Moreover, the guests who appear on Sunday mornin g talk shows loosely represent status quo institutional perspectives and are largely white males. 3. advertisement Media employ specific techniques to construct believable stories. They attractor our attention through psychological devices and technical effects.The techniques are vast and many, but some popular ones are easily recognizable and are identified here. Remember, advertisers exit use many techniques not listed. Add to this list as needed. Technical effects Camera angles enhance perspective, such as low angles that give the sphere power. Close-ups provide emphasis. Sound effects animate products, giving them emotion. Mise-en-scene (set and setting wrong camera frame) creates cultural and ideological context. Is the set a concert, a hall, a shopping mall? Accessories enhance the product. Whats being associated with the product, such as clothes, props, models? Lighting is apply to draw your eye to certain details. Happy and captivating people are made-up and co nstructed to enhance the message. What kinds of people are in the ad? Music, popular mental strains and jingles create pneumonic devices to program or elicitation your memory (some songs are apply for nostalgic reasons, while others are used to cross promote products, i. e. cars and latest album). Products are sold using lead main emotions fear, sex and humour. Ads appeal to our emotions through emotional transfer and are rarely dependent on intellectual analysis. Special effects put down inanimate things to life and make them exciting. This is especially line up with children-targeted ads. Editing is used to pace and generate excitement. Notice how military and video game ads have very stiff cuts, normally a scene change every second. Common Attention-Getting Hooks Emotional Transfer is the process of generating emotions in order to transfer them to a product. For example, a Coke ad shows happy, gorgeous people but tells us nothing about the product. The point is to make you feel good and to transfer that feeling to the brand or product.This is the number one and near important process of media manipulation. Fear messages are enjoin at our insecurities, such as no one will akin you if you have dandruff, or bald people are losers. This is a very common technique and extra attention is required to resist these messages. Symbols are easily recognized elements from our culture that generate powerful emotions, such as flags and crosses. Humour is often used because it makes us feel good and is more memorable. Hype, dont believe it. Be skeptical of exaggerated claims.Statements a ilk these are meaningless and vague, but sound good. Fitting In is a very common technique that tries to influence us by stating that if everyone else is purchase the product, so should you. Cute. Children and animals always steal the show. Vague Promises like might, maybe, and could divert our attention. tiptop Glue may heal cuts better than Band-Aids, sounds absu rd, but you will often hear claims as absurd as this and it would still be true (because it cant be disproved). Testimonials are statements by people explaining why certain products are great.Famous or plain folk or actors can do them. This is more powerful when someone we really like or respect endorses a product. Beautiful people are usually used to glamorize merchandise, especially unhealthy products like alcohol, tobacco and chuck out food. Models and actors generally dont represent average people, but idealized notions of beauty that are constantly changing. Famous People such as Michael Jordan make products appealing and attractive through association. Ordinary People are people that might be like you or me. This is common in ads that stress community or family. Its Easy.Simple solutions are often used to convince us that a product will solve our problems. Macho is generally used to appeal to males, but not exclusively. It demonstrates masculinity and male stereotypes these are common in military and tobacco ads. muliebrity is another gender stereotype used in a soma of ads, from teen make-up commercials to alcohol ads. Repetition is done to reiterate a sales pitch over and over again, like the phone ads that repeatedly display and annunciate the phone number to access their service too large Lies are exaggerated promises that are impossible to deliver. Exotic. This is the appeal of the other it could be a beach location, tribal person, something strange or unknown. This is often meant to hook you through presenting something that is out of the ordinary or beyond our everyday experience. cheering is used to make you feel good about you as a consumer and that you are making the right choice when you chose a product. Social Outcasts generally represents a put-down or demeaning comment about a competing product or cultural group. This is not limited to ads, but is common in propaganda as well (they dont believe in God, etc. ). Free Lunch o ffers you something in addition to the product such as buy one, get one free or appraise cuts. Freebies constantly hook us, but thither are always confidential costs. Rarely is a thing truly free. Surrealism. Commercial media employ some of the brightest minds of the media world and often require cutting edge artists to keep their satisfying fresh (e. g. MTV). Often, as a reflection of how unreal the fantasy world of media is, you will see juxtapositions and dreamlike imagery that make no sense because the advertiser is trying to get your attention by presenting something strange and different. The salutary Old Days. Images, fashion, film effects and music depicting specific eras or subcultures are meant to appeal directly to the demographic represented in the ad. Culture. ecological niche marketing is more common as advertisers hone their messages for specific cultural groups. Latino-targeted ads, for instance, might have family scenes or specific uses of language. 4. Music Form most (not all) music involves some repetition, and we find some patterns recurring in many pieces.In other words, you will need to consider the elements below for each(prenominal) melody in your song (i.e. , the elements that characterize the A melody, again for the B melody, etc. ) Be aware that even if a melody (tune) is repeated, there may be changes a chorus might sing what a soloist sang the first time, etc. , and a good analysis will account for those changes. Melody (Melodies) Tempo(s) literally speed. Using Italian terminology, how fast or slow is this tune? argon there changes in the tempo? Are they gradual or abrupt changes? Do you feel the tempo in this particular performance is appropriate for the lyrics or mood? If not, should it be fleet or slower?Who seems responsible for establishing the tempo? Dynamic level(s) literally tidy sumhow loud (forte) or soft (piano) is this piece? Dynamics tend to hesitate a lot in music, so how does this particularly piec e continue? Are changes sudden or gradual? Mood the emotional atmospheric state of the song. This is a subjective assessment, but it should be supported by some of your other answers on this page. Sad songs, for example, usually arent very fast Lyrics how would you describe the poetry? Is it continually changing, or do you hear a lot of repetition of text?Do the words seem important, or is the emphasis on the melody? How frequent are the rhymes? Is there patter singing? Medium the performers needed for the piece (both vocal and instrumental assumet forget to notice any instruments or voices used in the accompaniment ) Text Setting Text Expression has the composer crafted the music (tempo, dynamics, etc. ) to be appropriate to the meaning of the poetry? Does s/he use any devices such as wordpainting? Rhythm Is the rhythm prominent? (Are your toes tapping? ) give notice you tell what the meter is?What is the subdivision? Why might the composer have elect this meter or subdivision? Do you notice other cadenced devices, such as dotted rhythms or syncopation? Texture(s) Does the texture change at any point in the piece? Whats the most prominent texture in the song? Mode is the mode major or minor at the beginning of this piece? Does it change at any point? Is the mode appropriate for the poetry? Style does the music seem to fall under a particular style designate (i. e. jazz, swing, rap, ballad, rock, operatic, blues, gospel, etc. )?What other elements create this style? (Text setting, instrumentation, etc. ) Type some songs can be classified as functioning in a typical waysuch as soliloquies, charm songs, comedy songs, vision songs, challenge songs, I want songs, love songs, patriotic songs, etc. Does this song belong to a recognizable category? (Not all songs fit into these sorts of classifications. ) motion/Dance does this song structured so that it contains some sort of stage action or dance? Is the action in the background, or does the singer(s) record? Describe the setting as best you can.