Roles of Vaisravana

It is believed that in 742 Vaisravana and his miraculous multitude rescued the city of Anxi in Xinjiang from a barbarian attack. In ancient Tibet, pleas were made for the graven image's aid against the Chinese. Chinese artists made representations of the perfection which show Vaisravana surrounded by minor deities in his rook in the Pure Land of Alakavati, located on the sum side of Mount Sumeru. Other depictions raise as well be found in Chinese, Tibetan, and related art (Artibus Asiae, 1994, 154).

From the earliest times, Khotan has been the largest and almost important cultivated territory in the south of the Tarim Basin. The area shows the natural features typical of the oases found on the fringe of the outstanding desert of Chinese Turkestan, but Khotan is unique because of its size. Khotan gained wealth and sizeableness by its geographical position, for it occupies a mighty terrace of prolific loess on an unbroken length of 40 miles from the foot of the outer(a) hills of the Kun-lun range. The region gains sufficient irrigation from the Yurung-kash and Kara-kash rivers, each of which emerges into the plain immediately supra Khotan. These two rivers bring down a vast plenty of water during the months when the sun is powerful enough to melt the puff and ice of the high ranges. Khotan owes its actually existence to these two rivers (Stein, 1975, 3-6).

diachronic Khotan begins with records from the period of the Former Han Dynas

Kubera is the female monarch of the Yaksas and is considered the lord of the riches and the guardian of the northern quarter of the universe. His idolisation was very common at one time, as indicated by literary references and sculptural evidence. He is said to be the male child of Visravas by Idavida and the grandson of Pulastya, which is why he is also known by his patronymics of Vaisravana and Paulastya. He is not mentioned in the Rig-veda, but his conception goes choke off to the Atharva-veda, where he is associated with riches. He is there also mentioned as the head teacher of the evil beings or spirits of darkness. It has also been suggested that he can be traced in early Greek mythology back to the eight century B.C.

during the time of Hesiod, and there he corresponds to Ploutos, the Greek god of wealth. Hesiod happen upons him as the son of Iasion by Demeter (Earth=Idavida). He is mentioned in the Mahabharata as the lord of riches and regent of the northern quarter. In Buddhistic works, Kubera is often mentioned as Weewano (Vaisravana) and is described as an attendant of Buddha along with the guardian chiefs of the former(a) three quarters (Sahai, 1975, 59).

The various texts post a description of the god which has been carried over into iconographic images of him. They invariably describe Kubera as pot-bellied. In the Mahabharata he is said to be grand in color, like the sun. He is united with Rddhi (prosperity), his wife. The Brhatsamhita says that Kubera has a very big belly and that over his head there is a crest or diadem turned to the left. Hemadri describes both Kubera and the other Yaksas, and Yaksas should be pot-bellied, two-armed, holding treasures in their hands, and with fierce expressions because of their drunkenness. Vaisravana, as their lord, should also be holding a club in his hand. The Amsumadbhedagama describes Vaisravana as two-armed, with the hands being held in the varada and the abhaya poses and with a club in the left hand. The god should be mounted on
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